How to Write Guide Sections of the Paper. Table. Contents FAQs PDF. Version Why. a Scientific Format The scientific format. One reason for using this format is that it. Another. reason, perhaps more important than the first, is that this format. For. example, many people skim Titles to find out what information. Others may read only titles and Abstracts. Those wanting to go deeper may. PRTG Manual EXEScript Advanced Sensor. The EXEScript Advanced sensor runs an executable file EXE, DLL or a script batch file, VBScript, Powershell on the. Tables. and Figures in. Results, and so on. The take home point. Top of page. The Sections of. Paper. Most journal style scientific papers are. Title. Authors and Affiliation, Abstract. Introduction, Methods. Results, Discussion. Acknowledgments, and Literature. Cited, which parallel the experimental process. This is the. system we will use. This website describes the style, content. The sections appear in a journal style. Section Headings Main Section Headings Each main section of the paper begins with a. Do not underline the section. OR put a colon at the end. Example of a main section heading INTRODUCTIONSubheadings. When your paper reports on more. Subheadings should be capitalized first letter. OR underlined. Example of a subheading Effects of Light. Intensity on the Rate of Electron Transport. Top of page. Title, Authors Names. Institutional Affiliations. Function Your paper should. Title that succinctly describes the contents. Use descriptive words that you would associate. A majority of readers. Title. FAQs. 3. Format The title should be centered at. DO NOT use a title page it is a waste of. NOT underlined or italicized. PI or primary. author first and institutional affiliation are double spaced. When more then two authors. For example Ducks Over Winter in Colorado. Barley Fields in Response to Increased Daily Mean Temperature Ima Mallard, Ura Drake, and Woodruff. Ducque. Department of Wildlife Biology, University of Colorado Boulder. Top of page. The title is not a section, but it is. The title should be short and unambiguous. A general rule of thumb. Remember that the title becomes the basis. For example, in a paper. Mouse Behavior. WhyIt is very general, and could be. A better. title would be The Effects of Estrogen on the Nose Twitch Courtship Behavior. Mice. Why Because the key words identify a. If possible, give the key result of the study in the title, as. Similarly, the above title could be. Estrogen Stimulates Intensity. Nose Twitch Courtship Behavior in Mice. Strategy. for Writing Title. Top. of page. ABSTRACT 1. Function. An abstract summarizes, in one paragraph usually, the major. Introductionstate the purpose very clearly in the. Methodsclearly express the basic design of the. Name or briefly describe the basic methodology. Resultsreport those results which answer the. Discussionclearly state the implications of the. Whereas the. Title can only make the simplest statement. Abstract allows you to. The length. of your Abstract should be kept to about 2. Limit your statements. The Abstract. helps readers decide whether they want to read the rest of the. Therefore, enough. Abstract useful to someone. Top of page. How. Abstract A simple rule of thumb is to imagine that you. If your Abstract was the only part of the paper. Style The Abstract is ONLY text. Use the active voice. Write your Abstract using concise, but complete, sentences, and. Use past tense. Maximum length. The Abstract SHOULD NOT contain lengthy background information,references to other literature,elliptical i. Top of page. 3. Strategy Although it. Abstract, by definition. To begin. composing your Abstract, take whole sentences or key phrases. Then set about revising or adding words to make it. As you become more proficient you will. Abstract from scratch. Check your work Once you. Confirm that all the information appearing the. Top. of page. INTRODUCTION1. Function The function of the. Introduction is to Establish the context of the work being. This is accomplished by discussing the relevantprimary research literature with. State the purpose of the work in the form of the hypothesis, question. Briefly explain your rationale. Quite literally, the Introduction must. What was I studying Why. was it an important question What did we know about it. I did this studyHow will this study advance our knowledge2. Style Use the. active voice as much as possible. Some use of first person is. Top of page. 3. Structure The. Introduction can be thought of as an inverted. Organize the information to present the more general. Introduction, then narrow toward. A good way to get on track is to sketch out the Introduction. Once the scientific context is decided. Introduction should begin. Here is the information should flow in. Introduction Begin your Introduction by clearly. Do this by using key words from your Title. Introduction to get it focused. This insures that. For example. in the mouse behavior paper, the words hormones and behavior. Introduction. Top of page. Establish the context by providing. The. key is to summarize for the reader what we knew about the specific. This. is accomplished with a general review of the primary research. Discussion. The judgment of what is general. In the mouse behavior paper, for example, you. Introduction at the level of mating behavior. Lead the reader to your. Top of page. What. Focus your. efforts on the primary research journals the journals. Although you may read. Cite, instead, articles that. Learn, as soon. as possible, how to find the primary literature research. The articles listed in the Literature Cited. Most academic libraries. Citation Index an index which is useful. Some of. the newer search engines will actually send you alerts of new. Review. articles are particularly useful because they summarize all. Top of page. Be sure. When you are first learning to write in this. The purpose of this study was to. or We. It is most usual to place the statement. Introduction, often as the topic. It is not necessary or even. Top of page. Provide. For example State briefly. This will. usually follow your statement of purpose in the last paragraph. Introduction. Why did you choose this kind of experiment. What are the scientificmerits. What advantages does. Do not discuss here the actual techniques or protocols. Materials. and Methods your readers will be quite familiar with the. If you are. using a novel new, revolutionary, never used before. Introduction. Top. Page. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis section is variously called Methods. Methods and Materials. Function. In this section you explain clearly how you carried out. ONLY. for human studies. OR sampling design i. For example, controls, treatments, what variables. Organize. your presentation so your reader will understand the logical. Each experiment or procedure should be presented as. The experimental. In general, provide enough quantitative. You should also indicate the statistical. Style. The style in this section should read as if you were verbally. You may use the active. Avoid. use of the first person in this section. Remember to use the. The Methods sectionis nota step by step, directive, protocol as you. Strategy. for writing the Methods section. Methods. FAQs. Top of Page. Describe the. organisms used in the study. This includes giving the 1 source supplier or where. In genetics studies include the strains or genetic stocks used. For some studies, age may be an important factor. For example. did you use mouse pups or adultsSeedlings or mature plants FOR FIELD. STUDIES ONLY Describe the site. The description must include both physical. Include the dates of the study e. April 1. 99. 4 and the exact location of the study area. Location. data must be as precise as possible Grover Nature Preserve. SW Grover, Maine rather than Grover Nature. Preserve or Grover. When possible, give the. GPS units, OR, from web resources. Google EarthTM and Map. QuestTM. It is often a good idea to include a map. Figure showing the study location in relation. Someone else. should be able to go to the exact location of your study site. NOTE For laboratory. UNLESS it is necessary information for someone. Most often it is not. If you have performed experiments. Top of Page. Describe. Be. sure to include the hypotheses you tested, controls. Always identify treatments by the variable or treatment. NOT by an ambiguous, generic name or number e. Na. Cl rather than test 1. When your. A general experimental. Describe the procedures for your study in sufficient. Foremost in your. When using standard lab or field methods and instrumentation. You may want to identify certain types.
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